HER2 and CD24 Emerge as Promising Radiotheranostic Targets in Endometrial Cancer

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  HER2 and CD24 Emerge as Promising Radiotheranostic Targets in Endometrial Cancer Introduction Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries, has been steadily rising in incidence worldwide. While early-stage disease often responds well to surgery and conventional therapies, advanced and recurrent cases remain challenging to treat. Over the last decade, researchers have been exploring precision oncology strategies—approaches that target specific molecular markers in cancer cells to improve outcomes. Among these emerging strategies is radiotheranostics , a cutting-edge field that combines diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The idea is simple yet powerful: use the same molecule to both detect and destroy cancer cells. Recent studies highlight two promising molecular candidates for radiotheranostic development in endometrial cancer— HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and CD24 , a cell surface glycoprotein. In t...
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Genetics Can Raise Dementia Risks. But the Mediterranean Diet May Counter Them, Study Finds

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Genetics Can Raise Dementia Risks. But the Mediterranean Diet May Counter Them, Study Finds


Introduction

Dementia is one of the most concerning health challenges of the modern age, affecting millions of people worldwide. With no permanent cure available, scientists are constantly exploring the factors that influence dementia risks and potential ways to reduce them. Genetics plays a powerful role in determining whether someone may develop dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. However, new research suggests that lifestyle choices—especially diet—can counteract some of these inherited risks. A recent study has revealed that the Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, whole grains, and healthy fats, may reduce the impact of genetic predisposition to dementia.

This finding brings a ray of hope, showing that even those with a strong family history of dementia can take preventive steps through better food choices. Let’s explore the details of this fascinating link between genetics, dementia, and the Mediterranean diet.

Understanding Dementia and Genetic Risks

Dementia is an umbrella term for conditions that cause memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form, followed by vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia.

The Role of Genetics

Certain genetic factors significantly increase the likelihood of developing dementia. The most well-known is the APOE-e4 gene variant, which is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease. People who inherit one copy of APOE-e4 face a higher risk, while those with two copies have an even greater chance of developing dementia earlier in life.

Genes Are Not Destiny

While genes can raise the probability, they do not guarantee that dementia will occur. This means environmental and lifestyle choices play a critical role in shaping brain health. That’s where diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle come into play.

The Mediterranean Diet Explained

The Mediterranean diet has consistently been ranked as one of the world’s healthiest eating patterns. Inspired by the traditional diets of countries like Greece, Italy, and Spain, it emphasizes natural, nutrient-rich foods over processed ones.

Key Components of the Mediterranean Diet

  1. Fruits and Vegetables: Fresh produce provides antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals essential for brain health.

  2. Whole Grains: Foods like brown rice, oats, and whole wheat supply sustained energy and fiber.

  3. Healthy Fats: Olive oil, nuts, and seeds deliver heart-healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.

  4. Fish and Seafood: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fish like salmon and sardines support brain function.

  5. Lean Proteins: Beans, legumes, and moderate portions of poultry contribute to balanced nutrition.

  6. Limited Red Meat and Sweets: The diet encourages reducing processed meats and sugary foods.

The Study: Mediterranean Diet and Dementia Risk

A large study, published in a peer-reviewed medical journal, followed thousands of individuals over several years. Researchers examined participants’ genetic risk factors for dementia while also monitoring their dietary habits.

What They Found

  • People carrying high-risk dementia genes who followed the Mediterranean diet closely were less likely to develop cognitive decline compared to those who did not.

  • The protective effect was especially strong among participants with the APOE-e4 gene variant.

  • Overall, the study highlighted that a healthy diet can offset genetic vulnerability, reducing the chances of dementia by up to 25–30%.

Why It Works

The Mediterranean diet is rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and anti-inflammatory compounds. These nutrients protect brain cells, improve blood flow, and reduce oxidative stress—all of which are linked to better memory and slower cognitive aging.

How the Mediterranean Diet Protects the Brain

The connection between diet and brain health is not new, but this study strengthens the evidence that what we eat directly influences how our brain ages.

Reducing Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. Foods like olive oil, nuts, and fatty fish reduce inflammation and protect neurons.

Supporting Heart and Blood Vessel Health

Since brain health is closely tied to cardiovascular health, the Mediterranean diet’s ability to reduce cholesterol, lower blood pressure, and prevent strokes plays a vital role in protecting cognitive function.

Providing Antioxidants

Fruits, vegetables, and herbs contain antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and polyphenols. These combat free radicals that damage brain cells.

Enhancing Gut Health

Recent research suggests a strong link between gut health and brain function. Fiber-rich foods and probiotics from the Mediterranean diet promote a healthy microbiome, which positively influences mental health and memory.

Practical Tips to Start a Mediterranean Diet

Shifting to the Mediterranean diet doesn’t have to be complicated. Here are some simple ways to incorporate it into your daily routine:

  1. Switch to Olive Oil: Replace butter and margarine with extra virgin olive oil for cooking and dressing salads.

  2. Eat More Vegetables: Aim to fill half of your plate with colorful vegetables at every meal.

  3. Choose Whole Grains: Replace white bread, pasta, and rice with whole grain alternatives.

  4. Add Fish Twice a Week: Include salmon, sardines, or tuna in your weekly meals.

  5. Snack on Nuts and Fruits: Instead of processed snacks, opt for almonds, walnuts, and fresh fruit.

  6. Limit Sugary Drinks and Red Meat: Reduce soda, packaged desserts, and red meat consumption.

The Bigger Picture: Lifestyle Beyond Diet

While diet is critical, it is not the only lifestyle factor influencing dementia risk. Combining the Mediterranean diet with other healthy habits multiplies the benefits.

  • Regular Exercise: Physical activity improves blood flow and supports brain plasticity.

  • Mental Stimulation: Reading, puzzles, and learning new skills strengthen neural connections.

  • Quality Sleep: Good sleep cycles help clear toxins from the brain.

  • Social Interaction: Staying socially active reduces stress and keeps the mind sharp.

  • Avoiding Smoking and Excessive Alcohol: Both habits accelerate cognitive decline.

Conclusion

Dementia may seem inevitable for those with a family history of the condition, but science is proving otherwise. Genetics play a strong role, yet lifestyle choices—particularly diet—can reshape the future of brain health. The Mediterranean diet stands out as a powerful protective shield against dementia, even in people with high genetic risk.

By adopting this diet, focusing on nutrient-rich foods, and pairing it with other healthy lifestyle practices, individuals can significantly lower their chances of developing dementia. This hopeful discovery empowers people to take control of their health, proving that genes are not destiny—and that the choices we make at the dinner table can protect our minds for years to come.

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